In today's landscape, an array of powerful analytical tools exists for gathering qualitative and quantitative data on sample composition and structure. A comprehensive mind map outlines key techniques based on their broad classifications. Chromatography stands out among these advanced analytical methods, involving the separation of complex mixtures into distinct components using mobile and stationary phases. Proficiency in the theory and principles of modern analytical instrumentation empowers scientists to select and utilize these tools efficiently. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these techniques enables informed choices, ensuring desired levels of sensitivity, precision, and accuracy in analysis. Figure depicts different kinds of analytical techniques summarized in Mind map..