Understanding theory becomes crucial when applied to solve specific problems. Identifying the problem and understanding how theory aids in overcoming it is essential. Section A presents a common issue in chromatography where peaks merge, hindering proper peak separation - a fundamental aspect of HPLC analysis. The primary objective for chromatographers is to achieve distinct separation of all peaks.
Two essential equations in chromatographic separation are the Resolution equation and the van Deemter equation. The Resolution equation combines three key components: Efficiency, Selectivity, and Retention Factor. These equations serve as tools for chromatographers, enabling them to manipulate peak positions as needed. Comprehensive knowledge of these equations empowers scientists to effectively address peak merging issues and achieve successful method development, as depicted in Section C, where all peaks are adequately resolved, meeting the method development objectives. Figure visually represents the chromatographic issue, the tools (E-efficiency, S-selectivity and R- resolution) employed to resolve this problem, and the state of the correct solution.